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Signs of Stress: How to Determine When Your Dog is Distressed

Drea Tiffany • Feb 17, 2023

Common Signs of Stress in Dogs

Much like with humans, animals suffer from stress or anxiety as well. Various external stimuli can provoke reactions from animals, resulting in potentially unintentional aggression or anger. In order to best comfort your dog and teach them healthy ways to deal with stress, the first thing to do is determine if their behavior is from stress, fear or excitement. Once you’ve narrowed down what they are trying to communicate, you can then more effectively implement and teach them new, healthier strategies to deal with stress or fear based reactions. Keep on reading for some common behavioral signs of stress in dogs. 

Whining or Barking

In some dogs, whining or barking is their natural reaction to tense or stressful situations. Whining helps them self soothe, and is their way of communicating to their owners that they are scared or uncomfortable. If your dog starts of barking and then transitions to growling, this aggressive behavior might be an indicator that they are feeling threatened. This reaction may not be intentionally aggressive in nature, but more a way for them to vocalize a warning or plea to their owner that they sense danger in their environment.

Physical Appearance

When dogs are in a stressful state, their entire bodies assume hyper vigilance. Signs in their body language may include ears pinned back against their head, widened eyes with dilated pupils, and they may begin to blink faster. This “guilty” expression is a dog’s attempt to communicate to other animals or humans that they themselves aren’t a threat, and they may think danger looms ahead. Furthermore, they may tuck in their tails and their bodies become more rigid; when a dog is calm and happy, they evenly distribute their weight on all four paws, but when they are fearful or stressed, their bodies become stiffer and they may shift their weight to their hind legs. 


This shift in body language is a result of their bodies preparing for potential impending danger. Their nervous system response automatically adopts an involuntary fight, flight, or freeze mode. Similarly with humans, their bodies are releasing adrenaline because they sense something uncomfortable or dangerous in their vicinity. 

Fight, Flight, or Freeze

Even if your dog is not moving around, their heart rates may increase. This is also a result of their nervous system creating a fight, flight, or freeze response. Along with the increased heart rate, their respiratory rate may also increase as shown by changes in their breathing patterns such as panting or yawning. Other common signs of their nervous system reacting to external stimuli are when a dog begins to shake or pace around agitatedly. 

Compulsive Behavior

Your dog may also begin to drool and lick excessively, chew on objects compulsively, or destroy furniture and objects in their vicinity as a way to cope and physically escape. This type of misdemeanor and change in behavior is a common sign of anxiety and stress. Although seen as destructive or disobedient to their owners, these compulsive behavior signs are coping mechanisms dogs use to self soothe and calm themselves. 

Eating Patterns

Stress can also negatively impact dogs’ eating habits and digestive systems. They may refuse food as a result of fear or stress. The increased adrenaline in their system can also cause them to lose control over their bowels, leading to increased urination or diarrhea and accidents. 


Hiding or Escaping

In other cases, your dog may seek ways to remove themselves from their environment. They may hide when other people or animals are nearby, or run around finding ways to escape. Their avoidance of social interaction and the hyperactive behavior are your dog’s ways of trying to communicate to you they want to avoid the stressor and rid of whatever is causing them anxiety and stress. This is an example of the “flight” response of their nervous system. 


How to Help?

Once you’ve managed to identify signs of stress in your dog, your next question may be what can you do as a pet-owner to help your dog cope? The answer is not a one-size-fits-all for every dog; it is highly dependent on your dog and their individual preferences and lifestyle. However, the key factor to remember when addressing the situation is to seek ways to teach your dog how to cope and react without inadvertently punishing them for any misbehavior. 


Your dog may appear scared or guilty, and especially when paired with destructive compulsive behavior, you may be inclined to reprimand them for destroying furniture or causing a ruckus. Do not punish your dog for engaging in any of the behaviors listed above; this would only result in further confusing them from being able to better understand the situation and the lack of danger despite the unfamiliarity. If your dog begins to growl, as mentioned above, they are trying to communicate with you and “warn” you that they believe danger lies ahead; punishing them would only cause them to skip future “warnings” and turn straight to aggression to combat what they believe is danger. Furthermore, inflicting consequences when your dog reacts out of stress or anxiety can also unintentionally teach them to fear you. 


The best way to help your dog when they are under duress is to teach them how to respond to and cope with the stress and fear. Steer clear of introducing triggers and exposing them to their fears until they no longer react; this will not teach them how to handle and manage their stress, but will only serve to exacerbate their existing coping mechanisms due to the forced, increased exposure to stressful situations. Furthermore, avoid overly comforting or pampering your dog with treats; make your dog earn them first. Instead, to teach them how to cope, start by utilizing easy routine commands such as “sit” or “lie down” to distract your dog and provide a sense of normalcy and familiarity. Starting with these easy commands will provide them something to focus on amidst the stress. 

Dogs will respond to their environment, and also will take cues from their owner’s behaviors as well. When dealing with an anxious, fearful dog, check your own behavior to see if it’s adding to your dog’s stress. Perhaps you are not giving clear commands, or maybe you are staring directly down at them and punishing them unnecessarily. Respect their space, and find alternate ways to get the appropriate response you want from them. Develop a reward program such as offering food, love, or a fun playtime activity; doing so will teach control strategies at home so that they can learn how to earn treats by responding appropriately when given cues. By implementing routine commands, this also reassures your dog that what they deem is stressful or scary is in fact safe because your demeanor and behavior has not changed from normalcy. 

When a dog chooses to hide or escape in a stressful environment, allow them to do so safely. It may take time and training for them to feel comfortable and adopt appropriate coping mechanisms. Set up a calm, quiet place for your dog to be able to retreat to which will allow them to avoid any interaction that may cause an anxious, fearful response. Through repetition and from your own behavior, your dog will learn how to respond appropriately when various situations arise; the freedom to retreat to a calmer, familiar spot along with repetition with routine commands will encourage them to then understand they are not confronted with danger. 


Ultimately, it is important to have realistic expectations. It will take time to teach your dog how to cope with stressful situations. Some dogs may require more intense training or potentially therapy and anti-anxiety medications. Learn how to identify what may be causing their stress; dogs cannot vocalize their needs, and any misdemeanor or aggression is really their way of trying to communicate to you. Understanding your dog’s triggers will allow you to provide them the safe space and encouragement they need to properly learn how to respond appropriately. 

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